Sep 07, 2007 the greenhouse effect is the warming of climate that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from earth toward space. The social cost of carbon scc is a metric designed to quantify climate damages, representing the net economic cost of carbon dioxide emissions. Ir radiation is less powerful as the photons contains less energy. The science of climate change australian academy of science. Download greenhouse gases and global warming book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the greenhouse, but blocking earths heat from escaping into space. Important parts of the world are acting to reduce the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, and the united states is now debating whether to join that process. What will it cost to protect ourselves from global warming. Global greenhouse gas emissions by sector, 19902010.
This figure shows worldwide greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2010. Greenhouse gases the greenhouse effect the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that insulates the earth from the cold of space. Pdf greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate. Emissions of minor greenhouse gases is a factor, but only one factor and probably not the most important among several. Scientists cannot prove current warming is not natural climate scientists can not prove that the current warming is not due to natural processes and therefore. Greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change. However, the misnomer greenhouse effect has perpetuated, and there are a number of aspects of the effect which are poorly understood outside the. Co 2 levels are rising mainly because of the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Pdf this study discusses the greenhouse gas emissions which cause the global warming in the atmosphere. However, as more and more greenhouse gases get into the atmosphere, the earth will start to grow warmer. A strong consensus has developed in the expert community that, if allowed to continue unabated, the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the. However, the misnomer greenhouse effect has perpetuated, and there are a number of aspects of the effect which are poorly understood outside the atmospheric sciences. This article discusses amongst cause of global warming and consequences of global warming on the environment.
Important parts of the world are acting to reduce the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, and the. Social costs of greenhouse gases environmental defense fund. Ipcc 2007b greenhouse gas emissions in south africa grew from 347. The greenhouse effect is a natural warming process. Pdf greenhouse gases and global warming researchgate. The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere, nitrogen comprising 78% of the dry atmosphere and oxygen comprising. Discovery of global warming files formatted for printing pdf.
Read online greenhouse gases and global warming book pdf free download link book now. The pdf files do not contain hyperlinks or illustrations. A certain level of greenhouse gas is necessary for human life otherwise the planet would be an. The fao report found that current production levels of meat contribute between 14 and 22. This inventory follows the methodology laid out by the global protocol for communityscale greenhouse gas emission inventories, described below. The revised high estimates of projected warming arise because the lower projected emission of sulphur dioxide results in less offset of the warming effect of the greenhouse gases. The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planets atmosphere warms the. If greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow rapidly, it is expected that, by 2100, the global average air temperature over the earths surface will warm by around. Since the industrial revolution around 1750, human activities have added significant quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide co2 and certain other gases are always present in the atmosphere. But any increase in such gases would result in more heat trapping resulting in increase in the temperature of earth being reflected in global warming global warming changes the climate of earth hence global warming and climate change are often used anonymously. Without the greenhouse effect the earths average global temperature would b e much colder and life o n earth as we know it would be. Instead, the greenhouse effect comes from molecules that are more complex and much less common.
It is responsible for about half of the atmospheric heat retained by trace gases and also for 50% of the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect, combined with increasing levels of greenhouse gases and the resulting global warming, is expected to have profound implications, according to the nearuniversal consensus of. Global warming of living, large population increases, and a reduc tion in nuclear and other nonfossil fuels, one can generate an emissions scenario that will lead to a doubling of carbon dioxide. These gases create a warming effect that has some similarity to the warming inside a greenhouse, hence the name greenhouse effect. Very powerful greenhouse gases, also known as high global warming potential gwp gases that are not naturally occurring, include hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, perfluorocarbons pfcs, and sulfur hexafluoride sf6. Global warming is a phenomenon that could lead to major climatic. Pdf the earths climate changes through natural processes, but also as a result of our societys greenhouse gas ghg emissions. This analysis uses global warming potentials from the intergovernmental panel on climate changes ipccs second assessment report. As incoming solar radiation is absorbed and reemitted back from the earths surface as infrared energy, greenhouse gases ghgs in the atmosphere prevent some of this heat from escaping. A greenhouse gas absorbs infrared radiation when molecules interact with uv radiation the energy they absorb can break bonds. According to the report, human influence on the climate system is clear, and recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history warming of the. The major global warming gas is carbon dioxide co 2.
An introduction to global warming for students in grades 68. Co 2 is typically used as the reference gas and has a. But if the arctic dump of greenhouse gas is big enough, it could stimulate more warming that releases more gas that causes more warming. Global warming impact on greenhouse gases ag decision maker. Global warming potential values greenhouse gas protocol. Greenhouse gases and energy balance climate change. The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor, carbon dioxide co2, methane. This table is adapted from the ipcc fifth assessment report, 2014 ar5i. This indicator describes emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide. While the pattern of future warming is open to debate, it is indisputable that the surface of the earth has warmed, on average, 0. Greenhouse gases and global warming pdf book manual free.
Greenhouse gases from the arctic are likely to cause much less warming than burning fossil fuels and obliterating temperate and tropical forests. The greenhouse effect is the warming of climate that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from earth toward space. The wri report is entirely designed to blame developing countries for sharing the responsibility for global warming. Such gases present in the atmosphere serve as a blanket which trapabsorb some of that infrared radiation emitted by earth and send some of that back to earth greenhouse effect, you would have observed this in car parked in sun and thus help maintain average temperature of earth to 14 gases avg temperature would. The other vibrational mode is an asymmetric stretch, in which one bond is growing longer as the other gets shorter, back and forth. In spite of their relatively low atmospheric concentrations, their long lifetime makes their influence on global warming large. Global warming and the free state university of maryland center. The greenhouse gases that impact the gradual warming of the earths surface are those that stay in the atmosphere for a long period of time and buildup over time. The scc can be used to evaluate policies that affect greenhouse. An hsus fact sheet greenhouse gas emissions from animal agriculture greenhouse gases ghgs absorb infrared radiation and cause the greenhouse effect, which warms the earth. This article discusses amongst cause of global warming and consequences of. The concepts of radiative forcing of climate change and global warming potential as measures of the absolute and relative strengths of greenhouse gases are discussed.
The global mean co 2 level in 20 was 395 parts per million. Economy of a capandtrade policy for greenhouse gas emissions nathaniel keohane, ph. Global climate change poses one of the nations most significant longterm policy challenges. Students will be able to identify greenhouse gases and their sources. Methane is the next of the greenhouse gases which has the biggest effect on global warming 15%. Global warming potential values the following table includes the 100year time horizon global warming potentials gwp relative to co2. The main greenhouse gases that keep the earth warm are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. A computer generated typical radiance spectrum of the earth red line and the theoretical or black body.
The developed and developing industrialized countries together emit 90% of the global greenhouse gases. The reason the earth isnt a ball of frozen ice is because of greenhouse gases. Causes yes, human activities have increased the abundance of heattrapping gases in the atmosphere, which a large majority of climate scientists agree is the main reason for the 1. The economic effects of legislation to reduce greenhouse. It finds an overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of. Greenhouse gases act like insulation to keep the earth warm. Methane ch 4 is 2030 times more effective than co 2 in trapping heat. These projected globalaverage temperature changes would be. Fighting climate change together european commission. Chapter 11 climate change department of environmental. These gases are emitted from industrial processes such as semiconductor manufacturing, use as refrigerants and other. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page.
The ar5 values are the most recent, but the second assessment report 1995 and fourth. The reuse policy of european commission documents is regulated by decision 2011833eu oj l 330. Increasing emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities worldwide have led to a substantial increase in atmospheric concentrations of longlived and. Climate change imposes significant costs on society. Global warming this term refers to the general increase in the earths average temperature caused by the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which causes changes in climate patterns across the globe. Global warming, the enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect caused by emissions associated with human activities of. Trends in global co2 and total greenhouse gas emissions. The historical ghg emission trends excluding those from landuse change from the edgar database are also presented in uneps emissions gap report 2019 unep, 2019.
This is generated by activities such as livestock production, agriculture, sewage treatment, natural gas and oil distribution. The only quantitative and internally consistent explanation for the recent global warming includes the intensified greenhouse effect caused by the increase in co 2 and other greenhouse gases. Discovery of global warming files formatted for printing. Free, but needed to view pdf files download individual essays as of jan. Some of the news you may have heard polar bears are losing. The potential of a greenhouse gas to cause greenhouse warming is expressed by global warming potential gwp. The historical ghg emission trends excluding those from landuse change from the edgar database are also presented in. The economic effects of legislation to reduce greenhousegas. It is a complex issue full of uncertainties and controversies. Global warming is an increase in average temperature on earths climate and oceans due to natural greenhouse effect caused by the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide. Pdf greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change. Global warming is melting glaciers in every region of the world, putting millions of people at risk from floods, droughts and lack of drinking water. Student activities a c tiv ity 1 g re e n h o u s e w a rm in g.
Human activities are producing increasingly large quantities of greenhouse gases, especially co 2. Because gases vary in greenhouse potency, every greenhouse gas is usually expressed as an amount of co2 with the same globalwarming potential. Students will explain the role these gases play in the earths energy budget. Student activities a c tiv ity 1 fleet science center. This concentration represents a 43 per cent increase from preindustrial levels. Hendersonsellers the greenhouse effect is now commonly accepted by the scientific community, politicians and the general public. There are many misguided critiques of the scc made by those who would prefer less regulation of greenhouse gases, but. How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
A n alien from another planet has just arrived and is perplexed by the controversy surrounding the greenhouse effect and global w arm ing. A greenhouse gas absorbs energy in the wavelenth range 5100. D raw a diagram illustrating the greenhouse effect. Minor changes incorporated since august 2007 are not included in these files.
The social cost of greenhouse gases and state policy. O and fgases, we used the global warming potential gwp metric for 100 years from the fourth assessment report ar4 of the ipcc. Increasing emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities worldwide have led to a substantial increase in atmospheric concentrations of longlived and other greenhouse gases see the atmospheric. Source inventory of bay area greenhouse gas emissions.
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